Loading case…
In the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
AUGUST TERM 2023
No. 21-1379
On Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York
ARGUED: SEPTEMBER 11, 2023 DECIDED: APRIL 9, 2026
Before: RAGGI, LOHIER, and CARNEY, Circuit Judges .
Page 2On remand from the Supreme Court for resentencing consistent with Barrett v. United States , 146 S. Ct. 482 (2026), this court’s opinion in United States v. Barrett , 102 F.4th 60 (2d Cir. 2024) is withdrawn in part and the challenged judgment of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (Sullivan, J. ) is AFFIRMED IN PART, VACATED IN PART, AND REMANDED.
MATTHEW B. LARSEN, Appeals Bureau, Federal Defenders of New York, Inc., New York, NY, for Defendant-Appellant .
MICHAEL D. MAIMIN, Assistant United States Attorney (Hagan Scotten, Assistant United States Attorney, on the brief ), for Damian Williams, United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York, New York, NY, for Appellee .
REENA RAGGI, Circuit Judge :
Defendant Dwayne Barrett has come before this court numerous times to challenge judgments of conviction entered in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (Richard J. Sullivan, Judge ) after a jury trial at which Barrett was found guilty of multiple counts of conspiratorial and substantive Hobbs Act robbery; the use of firearms during such robberies; and in one robbery, the murder of a robbery victim. See 18 U.S.C. §§ 924(c)(1)(A)(i), 924(j), 1951 and 2; United States v. Barrett (' Barrett I '), 903 F.3d 166 (2d Cir. 2018) & United States v. Barrett , 750 F. App’xPage 3 19 (2d Cir. 2018), both vacated , 139 S. Ct. 2774 (2019); United States v. Barrett (' Barrett II ”), 937 F.3d 126 (2d Cir. 2019); United States v. Barrett (“ Barrett III ”), 102 F.4th 60 (2d Cir. 2024), reversed in part and remanded , 146 S. Ct. 482 (2026) (“ Barrett IV ”). We assume familiarity with these opinions and the underlying facts that they detail.
Barrett's case is again before this court on remand from the Supreme Court, which recently clarified that-notwithstanding its recognition in Lora v. United States , 599 U.S. 453 (2023), that a § 924(c) firearms crime is punishable under a different sentencing scheme than a § 924(j) murder committed in the course of a § 924(c) crime— 'Congress has not authorized convictions under both 18 U.S.C. §§ 924(c)(1)(A)(i) and (j) for one act that violates both provisions.' Barrett IV , 146 S. Ct. at 497. Insofar as this court concluded otherwise and ordered the district court to resentence Barrett on remand on both his § 924(c)(1)(A)(i) conviction and his § 924(j) conviction (Counts Six and Seven of the underlying indictment), see Barrett III , 102 F.4th at 88-96, the Supreme Court has now reversed that 'part of the judgment” and “remanded for further proceedings,” Barrett IV , 146 S. Ct. at 497. Heedful of that ruling, we now withdraw Part III.A.2.c. from our opinion in Barrett III , and we remand this case to the district court for resentencing consistent with the Supreme Court’s decision.
Because the discussion in Barrett IV does not permit the district court on remand to sentence Barrett on, or to enter judgments of conviction for, both Counts Six and Seven, the district court should 'exercise its discretion to vacate one of the convictions.' Ball v. United States , 470 U.S. 856, 865 (1985). In doing so, it should give due weight to the government's view as to which count should be vacated, Page 4mindful that (1) the government’s charging discretion permits it to charge conduct under different statutory “provisions . . . even though the defendant could not in the end stand convicted of both offenses,” id. at 860 n.8; see Barrett IV , 146 S. Ct. at 495 (citing Ball ); (2) the government here carried its burden of proof on both counts; and (3) neither Lora nor Barrett IV had been decided when this case went to trial.
Barrett further urges us to withdraw from our Barrett III opinion Part III.B, which concludes that the aggregate 50-year sentence imposed in this case was substantively reasonable. See Barrett III , 102 F.4th at 96–97. We decline to do so. In remanding for resentencing in Barrett IV , the Supreme Court did not consider, much less reverse, this conclusion. Our denial of rehearing and rehearing en banc thus stands as to that portion of the opinion. See Order, Barrett III , No. 21-1379, Doc. 165 (2d Cir. July 19, 2024). Nevertheless, we do not foreclose Barrett from arguing on remand for resentencing that an aggregate 50-year sentence is unwarranted in light of the circumstances presented on remand, which may or may not differ from those evident at the time of the now-vacated sentence. See generally United States v. Hertular , 562 F.3d 433, 445–46 (2d Cir. 2009); 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a).
Finally, Barrett requests reassignment of this case to a different judge on remand. The request appears to be grounded in the mistaken assumption that Judge Sullivan participated in this court’s July 19, 2024 decision to deny rehearing en banc . See Appellant’s Mar. 17, 2026 Letter Br. at 6–8. As the court has recently clarified, Judge Sullivan did not participate in that vote. See Order, Barrett III , No. 21Page 51379, Doc. 191 (2d Cir. Mar. 27, 2026). Therefore, Barrett’s request for reassignment to a different judge is denied.
To conclude, the court hereby